General Conditions of Carriage

Within these conditions and except as otherwise provided for herein, the following terms are used with the meaning given below:

Actual Carrier (or Operating Carrier) means the carrier who actually operates the flight.

Agreed Stopping Place means a scheduled stop by the Carrier which is located between the Place of Departure and the Place of Destination as shown in the Schedules.

Air Carriage (or Air Travel) means the carriage of a Passenger and their Baggage on an aircraft.

Article means an article of these General Conditions of Carriage.

Authorised Agent means an individual or legal entity that is authorised by the Carrier to represent the Carrier in the sale of Air Carriage tickets for its services or for the services of another Carrier if said agent is so authorised.

Baggage means both Checked Baggage and Unchecked Baggage, unless otherwise specified.

Baggage Allowance means the maximum quantity of Baggage (in terms of number and/or weight and/or dimensions), if any, determined by the Carrier and with which each Passenger may travel whether or not in return for a payment depending on the fare conditions.

Baggage Check means the portion of the Identification Form issued to the Passenger by the Carrier relating to the carriage of Checked Baggage.

Baggage Tag means the portion of Identification Form that is affixed to the Checked Baggage.

Beneficiary means the Passenger or any person who can claim compensation for or on behalf of said Passenger, in accordance with the applicable law.

Booking Fees means fees charged, where applicable, to the Passenger by the Carrier or its Authorised Agent, in consideration for issuing a Ticket. The amount of said fees is determined by the issuer of the Ticket (the Carrier or the Authorised Agent, as appropriate). The Booking Fees charged by KLM, if any, are available from the Carrier and on the KLM Website.

Cabin Baggage (see Unchecked Baggage)

Carrier means KLM and/or any other carrier for which the Designator Code appears on the Ticket, or a Conjunction Ticket.

Chartering means the operation whereby the Carrier having concluded a Contract of Carriage with the Passenger (“Contractual Carrier”) subcontracted to another carrier (“Actual Carrier”) responsibility for performing all or part of the Air Carriage. This also means the operation whereby any other party that has contracted with the Passenger (for example a tour operator) entrusts the Carrier with performing all or part of the Air Carriage in connection with package travel, package holidays and package tours, including under EC directive 90/314. The “Contractual Carrier” in this respect is the charterer or touroperator who as a principal enters into an agreement for carriage with the Passenger or another person.

Charter Ticket means a ticket, in electronic form or otherwise, issued pursuant to a Charter Contract.

Checked Baggage means Baggage of which the Carrier has taken custody and for which an Identification Form has been issued.

Check-In Deadlines (CID) means the time limit before which Passengers must have carried out their check-in formalities and received their boarding pass, and where applicable the Baggage must have been issued at the check in desk in accordance with Article 10.2.

Code Share (see Code Share Flight)

Code Share Flight means a flight operated by an Air Carrier that can be either the Carrier with which the Passenger concluded a Contract of Carriage (Contracting Carrier or Contractual Carrier) or another carrier operating the flight (the Actual Carrier) with which the Contracting Carrier has associated its Designator Code.

Conjunction Ticket means a Ticket the issue of which is rendered necessary because of the large number of Coupons for a primary Ticket.

Contingency Plan for lengthy tarmac delays means the contingency plan adopted by the Carrier in the event of a significant delay of the aircraft on the tarmac at an airport located within the U.S. territory, as described by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).

Contract of Carriage means the declarations and provisions appearing on the Ticket, identified as such and incorporating these General Conditions of Carriage as well as notices to Passengers.

Contracting Carrier or Contractual Carrier means the Carrier with which the Passenger has concluded a Contract of Carriage and for which the Designator Code appears on the Ticket.

Convention means, as applicable:

(a) the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules in Warsaw on 12 October 1929;

(b) the Hague Protocol of 28 September 1955, which amended the Warsaw Convention;

(c) the Guadalajara Supplementary Convention of 18 September 1961.

(d) Montreal Protocols 1, 2 and 4 (1975), which amended the Warsaw Convention;

(e) a combination of the aforementioned Conventions and Protocols;

(f) the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air, signed in Montreal on 28 May 1999.

Coupon means a paper Flight Coupon or an Electronic Coupon, each of which bears the name of the Passenger who is to take the flight identified on the Coupon.

Damage includes death, injury to a Passenger, delay, loss, partial loss, or other of whatsoever nature arising out of or in connection with Air Carriage or other services performed by the Carrier incidental thereto.

Days mean the calendar days that include the seven days of the week, it being understood that in the event of notice being issued, the dispatch day is not included and that, in order to determine the validity of a Ticket, the date of Ticket issue or the flight departure date are not counted.

Denied Boarding means the refusal to carry a Passenger on a flight, although the Passenger presented himself prior to boarding according to article 3, paragraph 2 of EU Regulation 261/2004, except where there are reasonable grounds for the denial such as reasons of health, safety, security or inadequate travel documentation.

Designator Code means the code issued by IATA, which identifies each carrier using two or more alphabetical, numerical or alphanumeric characters and that is shown amongst others on the Ticket.

Electronic Coupon means an electronic Flight Coupon or any other document that has the same value, which is stored in digital format in the Carrier’s computerised reservation system.

Electronic Ticket means the Ticket saved by the Carrier or at its request by a computerised Reservation system and that is evidenced by the Travel Memo (also called the Itinerary and Receipt), the electronic Flight Coupon or any other document that has the same value, issued by the Carrier on its name.

Fares means the fares, charges, levies, costs for a journey charged to the Passenger, for a specified reservation class, for given routes, and, where applicable, filghts and dates, and the corresponding fare conditions.

Fare Excluding Tax means the Fare charged to the Passenger, excluding Taxes and Booking Fees.

Fare Including Tax means the Net Fare plus Tax.

Flight Coupon means the portion of the Ticket identified as being “valid for carriage” or, for Electronic Tickets, the Electronic Coupon that shows the exact points between which the Passenger must be carried.

Force Majeure means extraordinary and unforeseeable circumstances that are beyond the control of the party invoking it and which could not have been avoided despite all the care and attention exercised.

General Conditions of Carriage mean these General Conditions of Carriage.

IATA (International Air Transport Association) means the International Air Transport Association, created in April 1945 in Montreal, the purpose of which is to encourage the development of safe, regular and economical air carriage and to promote air services and study the problems related thereto.

Identification Form means a tag issued by the Carrier for the sole purpose of identifying Checked Baggage and that includes a portion that is affixed to the Baggage (“Baggage Tag”) and another portion that is issued to the Passenger for the identification of said Baggage (“Baggage Check”).

Interior Flight or Domestic Flight means any flight for which the Place of Departure and Place of Destination are within the same State, within territorial continuity.

International Agreements (IIA and MIA) of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) mean the inter-carrier agreements on the liability of air carriers, signed on 31 October 1995 in Kuala Lumpur (IIA) and on 3 April 1996 in Montreal (MIA), which are applicable to carriers that have been members of the International Air Transport Association (see IATA) since 1 April 1997, and that are included in the legal scope of the international sources of law on carrier liability referred to under points (a) to (d) of the term “Convention” defined below.

International Flight means, as defined by the Convention, any flight for which the Place of Departure and Place of Destination and, possibly, the Stopover, are located on the territory of at least two States that are parties to the Convention, notwithstanding Agreed Stopping Places or aircraft changes, or within a single State if a Stopover is scheduled in another State regardless of whether said other State is or is not party to the Convention.

Itinerary and Receipt (see Travel Memo)

KLC means the private limited liability company KLM Cityhopper B.V, incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, having its statutory seat and registered office in (1117 CH) Schiphol, the Netherlands at Stationsplein 102, Convair Building, registered under number 34035358 in the trade register of the chamber of commerce and industry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

KLM means the limited liability company Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij N.V., incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, having its statutory seat and registered office in (1182 GP) Amstelveen, the Netherlands at the Amsterdamseweg 55, registered under number 33014286 in the trade register of the chamber of commerce and industry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

KLM Flight includes all flights or parts of a flight for which the KLM Designator Code (“KL”) is stated on the Ticket or the corresponding Coupon and where KLM or KLC is the Actual Carrier.

KLM Website means the website www.klm.com.

Package Travel has the same meaning as “Package” as given in Council Directive 90/314/EE of 13 June 1990 on package travel, package holidays and package tours.

Passenger means any person, except members of the crew, who was carried, is being carried or is to be carried and who is in possession of a Ticket.

Passenger Coupon means the portion of the Ticket, issued by the Carrier or in its name, which is identified as such and must be retained by the Passenger.

Passenger with Reduced Mobility means any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical disability (sensory or locomotor, permanent or temporary), intellectual disability or impairment, or any other cause of disability, or age, and whose situation needs appropriate attention and the adaptation to his or her particular needs of the service made available to all Passengers.

Pet means a pet, in the cabin or hold, travelling with a Passenger who is either the owner or an individual assuming responsibility on behalf of the owner during the journey.

Place of Departure means the place of departure as shown on the Ticket (for example airport, railway station or such other place of departure shown on the Ticket).

Place of Destination means the place of destination as shown on the Ticket (for example airport, railway station or such other place of destination shown on the Ticket).

Reservation means any request for carriage by a Passenger recorded by the Carrier or its Authorised Agent.

Schedules or Schedule Indicators means the list of departure and arrival times for the flights, as shown in the schedule guides published by the Carrier, or under its authority, and brought to the attention of the public by electronic means.

Schedule Indicators (see Schedules)

Service Fees means fees charged, where applicable, to the Passenger by the Carrier and/or its Authorised Agent, such as but not limited to in consideration for the reissue or refund of a Ticket. The Passenger shall be informed by the Carrier of the amount of applicable Service Fees prior to finalisation of their Reservation.

Special Conditions form part of the General Conditions of Carriage. Special Conditions contain the applicable rules that arise from local laws and regulations and that apply specifically in a particular country or region. Special Conditions may therefore deviate from the General Conditions of Carriage. You are expected to always read both the General Conditions of Carriage and the applicable Special Conditions of the country or region where you book your ticket.

Special Declaration of Interest means the declaration made by the Passenger when handing over the Baggage to be checked, which specifies a value that is higher than that fixed as a liability limit by the Convention, against payment of a surcharge.

Special Drawing Right (SDR) means a unit of account of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the value of which is periodically defined by the IMF on the basis of the listed prices of several reference currencies.

Stopovers mean the points, with the exception of the Place of Departure and Place of Destination, shown on the Ticket or mentioned in the Schedules as stopovers planned on the Passenger’s itinerary.

Taxes mean fees, taxes and charges imposed by governments, an airport operator or any other authority as defined in Article 4 below.

Ticket means a document which may be completed by a Baggage Check or an Identification Form for Checked Baggage, or by equivalent means in a dematerialised form, including electronic, that is issued or authorised by the Carrier or its Authorised Agent. The Ticket evidences the Contract of Carriage, includes the Flight Coupons, the Passenger Coupons, notices to passengers and incorporates these General Conditions of Carriage.

Transavia means Transavia Airlines C.V., a limited partnership incorporated under the laws of the Netherlands, having its statutory seat and registered office in (1117 EE) Schiphol, The Netherlands at the Piet Guilonardweg 15, registered under number 34069081 in the trade register of the chamber of commerce and industry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Travel Memo (or Itinerary and Receipt) means one or more documents that the Carrier issues to the Passenger, that confirm(s) the issue of an Electronic Ticket that bears his/her name, information on the flight and notices to Passengers.

Unchecked Baggage or “Cabin Baggage” means all Baggage, other than Checked Baggage. This Unchecked Baggage remains in the custody of the Passenger.

4.1 Fares

Except as otherwise provided for, Fares for Tickets apply solely to Carriage from the airport at the Place of Departure to the airport at Place of Destination. Fares do not include ground carriage between airports or between airports and town terminals. The Fare shall be calculated in accordance with the Fares in force on the Ticket Reservation date, for a journey scheduled on the dates and for the itinerary shown on said Ticket. Any change in itinerary or journey date may have an impact on the applicable Fare.

The applicable Fares are those published by the Carrier or calculated thereby, in accordance with the fare conditions in force for the stated flight(s) from the Place of Departure to the Place of Destination, for the relevant class of carriage, on the Ticket Reservation date.

When making a Reservation the Passenger shall be informed of the Fare Including Tax for the Ticket and the Booking Fees as well as the overall Fare of the Ticket (comprising the Fare Including Tax and the Booking Fees).

4.2 Fees, Taxes and Charges

All fees, taxes, or charges imposed by governments, by any other authorities or by the airport operator shall be paid by the Passenger. To the extent possible when making a Reservation for their Ticket, Passengers will be informed of said fees, taxes, or charges, which will be charged in addition to the Fare Excluding Tax and which, in most cases, will be shown separately on the Ticket.

These fees, taxes, and charges may be created or increased by a government, another authority, or by an airport operator, after the Reservation date. In this case, the Passenger must pay the corresponding amount. Inversely, if the fees, taxes, and charges are reduced or abolished, the Passenger may be refunded for the reduced or abolished amounts. As soon as a Passenger has a paid and received a Ticket then aforementioned fees, taxes and charges will not be charged or deducted.

4.3 Booking Fees charged by the Carrier

The Passenger may be charged Booking Fees in consideration for issuing a Ticket. Booking Fees differ depending on the type of journey, the Fare and the Ticket distribution channel. These Booking Fees are added to the Fare Including Tax. The Booking Fees charged by the Carrier, where applicable, are non-refundable, except where a Ticket is canceled due to an error on the part of the Carrier.

The Passenger shall be informed of the amount of Booking Fees that will be charged by the Carrier prior to finalization of their Reservation.

The Booking Fees charged by KLM, if any, is available from the Carrier and on the KLM Website.

4.4 Payment Currency

The Fares Excluding Taxes, Booking Fees and Service Fees are payable in the currency of the country where the Ticket was purchased, unless another currency is specified by the Carrier or its Authorised Agent when the Ticket is purchased or beforehand (for example, due to local currency not being convertible).

Moreover, the Carrier may, at its discretion, accept payments in another currency.

4.5 Obviously erroneous price / Mistaken Fare

A mistaken Fare may affect the price of the Reservation. In accordance with the applicable law, the Carrier may cancel any Reservation in case of error of display or technical error which makes the price of the Reservation obviously erroneous or ridiculous.

5.1 General Provisions

Reservations will only be confirmed when they are recorded in the Carrier’s computerized reservation system. On the request of the Passenger, the Carrier shall provide a Reservation confirmation.

5.2 Reservation Requirements

Certain Fares are subject to conditions that limit or exclude the possibility of modifying or cancelling Reservations. If a Passenger has not paid all amounts due for the Ticket before the specified ticketing time limit indicated by the Carrier or its Authorised Agent, the Carrier shall be entitled to cancel the Reservation without notice and to allocate the seat to another Passenger, without having any further obligation towards the relevant Passenger who had not paid and with any liability on the part of the Carrier.

5.3 Contact details

Passengers must provide the Carrier with a mobile phone number or an e-mail address where they can be contacted, at the time of booking or at the latest at check-in. When the Reservation is made by an Authorised Agent, the Passenger accepts that this information will be communicated to the Carrier by the Authorised Agent. Passengers are informed that if this information has not been communicated to the Carrier, they may not benefit from their right to information in the event of flight irregularities.

5.4 Seat Allocation

The Carrier shall make reasonable efforts to meet seat allocation requests but cannot guarantee the allocation of a given seat, even if the Reservation is confirmed for said seat. The Carrier reserves the right to change the seat allocation at any time, including after boarding, for operating, security or safety reasons, or for reasons of Force Majeure.

5.5 Service on board

The Carrier shall make reasonable efforts to meet Passengers’ requirements regarding the services provided on board the aircraft, in particular drinks, special meals, films, seats etc. However, the Carrier may not be held liable if imperatives relating to operating, safety and security or reasons beyond the control of the Carrier do not allow it to provide suitable services, even if such services are confirmed at the time of Reservation.

5.6 Aircraft type

The type of aircraft indicated to the Passenger at the time of Ticket Reservation or subsequently is given for their information purposes only. Imperatives related to safety and security, reasons beyond the control of the Carrier or operating constraints may lead the Carrier to modify the type of aircraft without any liability on its part.

All personal data of the Passenger are collected and processed by KLM with due observance of the KLMprivacy statement.

7.1  The carriage of unaccompanied children, Passengers with Reduced Mobility, and persons with illnesses or any other persons who require special assistance, may be subject to special conditions. In certain situations the carriage shall only be performed subject to the Carrier’s prior consent. The Carrier reserves the right to require a medical certificate with regard to particular medical conditions. Acceptance for carriage of pregnant women may be subject to prior arrangement with Carrier. The special conditions relating to the carriage of Passengers as referred to in this Article 7.1 are available from the Carrier and its Authorised Agents on request and on the KLM Website.

It is advisable for Passengers to inform the Carrier of their disability or of any need for special assistance when making their Reservation. Should a request for special assistance be made following Reservation or in accordance with the applicable regulations, less than 48 hours prior to departure, the Carrier will do everything in its power to fulfill the request pursuant to the applicable regulations, taking particular account of the time frame and the specific nature of the assistance requested. Should the Passenger, when checking in or boarding, require special assistance for which a request has not timely and in accordance with this Article been made, then the Carrier has the right to refuse the Passenger pursuant to Article 9 (o).

7.2  If a Passenger requires a special meal, they must enquire as to the availability thereof when making the Reservation (and/or changing a Reservation) or within the time limits published by the Carrier for this purpose. Otherwise, the Carrier cannot guarantee the presence of said special meal on board the flight concerned.

7.3  If a Passenger has a medical background or a specific medical condition which may be affected by travelling in a pressurized cabin, it is recommended that the Passenger consults a doctor before taking a flight, particularly a long-haul flight, and take all necessary precautions for their flight to take place without incident.

7.4  If the Passenger fails to inform the Carrier of a mental or physical condition, or incapacity within the meaning of Article 7.1, and in connection with that condition the Carrier diverts the aircraft to an unscheduled place of destination, the Carrier is entitled to recover the reasonable costs of the diversion and other related costs from the Passenger, unless in case of Force Majeure on the side of the Passenger.

8.1  Check-In Deadlines (CID) vary from one airport to another. Passengers must imperatively comply with Check-In Deadlines in order to facilitate their journey and avoid their Reservations being cancelled. The Carrier or its Authorised Agent shall provide Passengers with all requisite information on the Check-In Deadline for their first flight with the Carrier. If the Passenger’s journey includes subsequent flights, it is the Passenger’s responsibility to check they are in possession of all the information relating to Check-in Deadlines for these flights.

8.2  Passengers must arrive sufficiently in advance of the flight in order to be able to carry out all necessary formalities for their journey; in any event, they must comply with the Check-In Deadline. Should the Passenger fail to do so or should the Passenger not present all the documents allowing them to be checked-in and therefore be unable to travel, the Carrier may cancel Passenger’s Reservation and seat reserved for such Passenger, without having any further obligation towards the relevant Passenger and without any liability on the part of the Carrier.

8.3  Passengers must be present at the boarding gate prior to the boarding time specified at check-in. The Carrier shall be entitled to cancel a Passenger’s Reservation and seat reserved for such Passenger if the Passenger is not present at the boarding gate at the latest by the boarding time specified to the Passenger, without having any further obligation towards the relevant Passenger and without any liability on the part of the Carrier.

8.4  The Carrier shall have no obligation (including, without limitation, no obligation to carry or pay a refund) or liability whatsoever towards a Passenger who has not complied with the conditions of this Article.

10.1 General Provisions

10.1.1 Passenger’s Obligations (a) Passengers declare that they are fully aware of the content of all of their Baggage. (b) Passengers undertake not to leave their Baggage unattended from the moment they pack it and not to accept items from another Passenger or from any other person. (c) Passengers undertake not to travel with Baggage entrusted to them by a third party. (d) Passengers are advised not to include perishable or fragile items in their Baggage. If however the Passenger includes such items or objects in their Baggage, they must ensure that that these are properly and securely packed and protected in suitable containers in order not to damage these items and objects as well as Baggage belonging to other Passengers’ Baggage or the Carrier’s aircraft.

10.1.2 Prohibited Items Passengers shall not include in their Baggage any items for which carriage is prohibited or restricted by the applicable regulations and the law in force in any departure, arrival or transit State or State over which the aircraft flies, including in particular: (a) Items that are liable to endanger the aircraft, the persons or property on board, such as those specified in the Dangerous Goods Regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and in the Carrier’s regulations, as applicable (additional information is available upon request from the Carrier); these items include in particular but is not limited to, asbestos, explosives, pressurised gas, oxidising, radioactive or magnetised substances, inflammable substances, toxic or corrosive substances articles, liquids or other substances which are capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety or property when transported by air. (b) Items which in the reasonable opinion of the Carrier are unsuitable for Carriage because of the weight, dimensions, unpleasant odour, configuration or fragile or perishable nature, make them unsuitable for Carriage, in particular in light of the type of aircraft used. Information on these items shall be provided to Passengers, upon request; (c) Firearms and ammunition other than those intended for hunting or sport which, in order to be accepted as cargo or Checked Baggage, must be unloaded and suitably packed and have the safety catch on. The carriage of ammunition is subject to the ICAO and IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, as stated in paragraph (a) above; (d) Products of animal origin. This includes (parts of) animals that are the result of hunting. (e) Cutting weapons, stabbing weapons and aerosols that may be used as attack or defense weapons, antique weapons, replica of weapons, swords, knives and other weapons of this type. This type of weapon may not be transported in the cabin under any circumstances. They may nevertheless be contained as cargo or Checked Baggage, subject to acceptance by the Carrier. (f) Live animals, except as provided for in the provisions of Article 10.4.

Furthermore, additional information on prohibited items which may not be carried as Unchecked Baggage, including but not limited to carriage liquids and gels as well as pointed/edged weapons and sharp objects, blunt instruments and lighters, are available from the Carrier and on the KLM Website.

10.1.3 Right of Search For security/safety reasons, and/or on the request of the authorities, the Passenger may be asked to undergo for themselves and/or their Baggage, a search or any type of scan (using X-rays or another technique). If a Passenger is not available, their Baggage may be scanned or opened and manually checked in their absence, with a view to checking, in particular, whether it contains the items referred to in Article 10.1.2 above. If a Passenger refuses to comply with such requests, the Carrier may deny them and their Baggage carriage. If said scans damage the Baggage and the contents thereof or cause Damage, the Carrier shall not be liable, unless the Damage is caused by the Carrier’s gross negligence or willful misconduct.

10.1.4 Right to Refuse Carriage to Carry Baggage (a) The Carrier may, for security and/ or safety reasons, refuse to carry or continue to carry a Passenger’s Baggage if it contains any of the items listed in Article 10.1.2 above or if the Passenger has failed to comply with the obligations of Article 10.1.1(a), (b) and (c). The Carrier has no obligation to take custody of refused Baggage and/or items. (b) The Carrier may, in particular for security, safety, hygiene and/ or operating reasons, refuse to carry any item that is incompatible with Air Carriage because of its dimensions, shape, weight, contents, configuration or nature, or refuse to continue to carry them should they be discovered during a journey. The Carrier has no obligation to take custody of refused Baggage and/or items. (c) The Carrier may refuse to carry Baggage for which the Passenger has refused to pay the surcharge as defined in Article 10.2.2 (b). The Carrier has no obligation to take custody of refused Baggage or items. (d) The Carrier will not agree to carry animals that do not have the documents required by the applicable regulations such as defined in Article 10.4. (e) The Carrier may refuse to carry in the hold Baggage that has not been handed over by the Passenger to the Carrier prior to the Check-in Deadline under the conditions defined in Article 10.2.1 (a).

10.2 Checked Baggage

10.2.1 General Provisions (a) The Passenger must hand over Baggage at the Carrier’s check-in desk or at the self service drop off point for the purpose of checking in prior to the Check-in Deadline. (b) ;As soon as Passengers have handed over their Baggage at check-in, under the aforementioned conditions, the Carrier shall take custody thereof and issue Passengers with a Baggage Check, for each item that of Checked Baggage. (c) Passengers must affix their name to their Baggage. (d) Carrier will try, as much as reasonable possible, to arrange that Checked Baggage is carried on the same aircraft as the Passenger. Amongst others, for operating or security/safety reasons, the Checked Baggage may be carried on another flight. In this case, the Carrier will deliver the Baggage to the Passenger, unless the applicable regulations require the Passenger to be present for a customs inspection. (e) Checked Baggage must be able to withstand normal handling and protect its content. (f) Passengers are advised not to put in their Baggage currency, jewellery, works of art, precious metals, silverware, securities, or other valuables, optical or photographic equipment, computers, electronic and/ or telecommunication equipment or devices, musical instruments, passports and identity documents, keys, business documents, manuscripts or deeds, whether individualized or fungible etc. In this respect, it is specified that in the event of destruction, loss or damage of Checked Baggage, the Carrier will only be liable to the extent defined by the Convention and Article 19 of these General Conditions of Carriage. (g) Subject to applicable regulations, Passengers are advised not to carry any medication in their Checked Baggage. (h) If the Passenger prematurely interrupts their journey, the Passenger will be required to pay a fixed fee of €400 at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport and at Charles de Gaulle (Paris), in order to be able to retrieve their Checked Baggage. The aforementioned does not apply in case of Force Majeure.

10.2.2 Baggage Allowance (a) Where applicable according to fare conditions the Baggage Allowance corresponds to carriage in the hold of a quantity of Baggage per Passenger limited in number and/or weight and/or dimensions, determined on the basis of the destination and the Fare paid and appearing on the Ticket. (b) Passengers may travel with Checked Baggage that exceeds the Baggage Allowance, subject to payment of a surcharge. The conditions relating to this surcharge are available from the Carrier and its Authorised Agents and on the KLM Website. (c) In all cases, the Checked Baggage may not exceed a maximum number per Passenger. Information relating to this maximum number is available from the Carrier and its Authorised Agents and on the KLM Website. (d) Passengers can obtain all relevant information about the applicable Baggage Allowance, if any, from the Carrier or its Authorized Agent and the KLM Website.

10.2.3 Special Declaration of Interest (a) For all Checked Baggage with a value that exceeds the liability limits in the event of destruction, loss, damage or delay, as defined by the Convention, Passengers can either purchase insurance coverage prior to the journey or, when handing over the Baggage to the Carrier, make a Special Declaration of Interest limited to a certain amount. In this case, a surcharge made known upon request, must be paid by the Passenger. Compensation will be paid in accordance with the provisions of Article 19. (b) The Carrier reserves the right to verify the adequacy of the value declared with the value of the Baggage and the contents thereof. (c) All Special Declarations of Interest must be made by the Passenger to the Carrier prior to the Check-in Deadline. The Carrier may refuse any Special Declaration of Interest if a Passenger does not comply with the afore mentioned time limit. The Carrier also has the option of capping the level of the declarations. The Carrier also reserves the right to prove, in the event of damage, that the amount declared was higher than the Passenger’s genuine interest at the time of delivery. (d) All the relevant information regarding this Special Declaration of Interest and surcharge specified in Article 10.2.3 above can be obtained from the Carrier.

10.2.4 Collection and Delivery of Baggage (a) Subject to the provisions of Article 10.2.1 (d), it is the responsibility of Passengers to collect their Checked Baggage as soon as made available to them at the Place of Destination or Stopover. If a Passenger does not collect Baggage within three months from the Baggage being made available to them, the Carrier may dispose of said Baggage, without being liable to the Passenger in any way. (b) Only the bearer of the Baggage Check is authorised to collect Checked Baggage. (c) If a person claiming Baggage is not in a position to produce the Baggage Check, the Carrier shall only hand over the Baggage to such person on the condition that he/she establishes his/her rights thereto in a satisfactory manner. (d) Receipt of the Baggage by the bearer of the Baggage Check without complaint is prima facie evidence that the same has been delivered in good condition and in accordance with the Contract of Carriage (subject to proof to the contrary by the Passenger). (e) For the collection of Checked Baggage in the event of prematurely interruption of the journey, the provisions under Article 10.2.1 (h) apply.

10.3 Unchecked Baggage (a) All Tickets allow for carriage in the cabin of a quantity of Unchecked Baggage which is limited by number and/or weight and/or dimension. Should this information not have been specified to the Passenger, a single Unchecked Baggage item will be accepted and Unchecked Baggage must be able to be placed beneath the seat, in front of Passengers or in a locker provided for this purpose.  Should the Carrier be required to check Baggage into the hold as a result of a failure on the part of the Passenger to comply with the above conditions, the Passenger may be required, where applicable, to pay a surcharge, as specified in Article 10.2.2 (b). Certain Baggage which the Passengers wish to take in the cabin, may, for security and/or safety and/or operation or aircraft configuration reasons, at any time prior to the flight departure, be denied cabin access and must be carried as Checked Baggage. (b) The Baggage/items that Passengers do not wish to carry in the hold (such as fragile musical instruments or other items) and that do not comply with the provisions of Article 10.3 (a) above (excess dimensions and/or weight), may only be accepted for cabin carriage if the Carrier has been duly informed thereof by the Passenger prior to check-in and granted authorization. In this case, the carriage of said Baggage may be subject to a charge, in accordance with the Carrier’s fare conditions, which can be obtained from the latter. (c) Passengers are responsible for personal effects and Unchecked Baggage that they take into the cabin. In the event of destruction, theft, loss or damage of personal effects and Unchecked Baggage, the Carrier may only be held liable if wrongdoing on its part, or that of its officials or agents, is proven, said liability being then limited to the amount defined in Article 19 of these General Conditions of Carriage.

10.4 Animals

10.4.1 General Provisions (a) Only cats and dogs are allowed to travel as pet in the cabin or in the hold. (b) The carriage of animals travelling with Passengers is subject to the Carrier’s prior and explicit acceptance. (c) The number of animals that can be carried is limited per flight and per Passenger. (d) In accordance with the regulations in force, the carriage of certain categories of animals is prohibited. Information relating to these categories is available on request from the Carrier and its Authorised Agent and on the KLM Website. (e) Passengers must be able to provide all valid documents relating to their animal, required by the authorities in the departure, arrival or transit country, including in particular passports, health and vaccination certificates and entry or transit permits. The Carrier will not agree to carry animals that do not have the requisite documents. (f) Depending on the destination, the carriage of animals can be subject to conditions, in particular age, weight, health checks, which the Passenger may obtain from the Carrier. (g) The animal and its container are not included in the Baggage Allowance; the Passenger must pay a surcharge, the conditions of which are available from the Carrier. (h) Guide dogs, service animals, and if applicable their cages, accompanying Passengers with Reduced Mobility will be carried free of charge, in addition to the applicable Baggage Allowance, in accordance with the Carrier’s regulations, which are available on request. (i) In the event of fraud or the absence or invalidity of the required documents or if the container intended for carrying the animal does not comply with the provisions of Article 10.4.3, the Carrier shall not assume any liability for the injury, loss, delay, illness or death of animals carried (in the event that the animal is refused entry into or passage through any country, state or territory), as a result of these failures, unless this is solely caused by gross negligence or willful misconduct of the Carrier. Passengers travelling with animals who fail to comply with the applicable regulations must reimburse the fines, loss, compensation and all costs and damage incurred by Carrier due to such a situation. The Carrier shall at all times be entitled to set such additional conditions as it deems appropriate in its discretion. (j) Passengers can obtain all the relevant information regarding the carriage of animals and in particular, the surcharge specified in Article 10.4.1 (g) above form the Carrier and its Authorised Agent and on the KLM Website.

10.4.2 Cats and dogs travelling in the cabin (a) Pets and their cages will in no event be accepted in the cabin when exceeding a weight fixed by the Carrier. Information relating to the maximum weight is available on request from the Carrier and its Authorised Agent and on the KLM Website. (b) Pets must be placed in container designed for this purpose, which is closed and fully contains the animal and in which the animal is able to stand up, turn around and breathe easily and freely. (c) Passenger undertake not to remove Pets, even partially from their containers for the entire duration of the flight.

10.4.3 Cats and dogs travelling in the hold Pets must be placed in a rigid plastic or fibre glass carry cage approved by the IATA (International Air Transport Association).

11.1 The flights and flight Schedules listed in the Schedule Indicators are not binding in any way and thus have no contractual value. These are solely intended to inform Passengers of the flights offered by the Carrier. Said Schedule Indicators are not definitive and are liable to be changed after their publication date.

11.2 On the other hand, the flight Schedules printed on the Ticket are deemed, subject to changes for reasons beyond the control of the Carrier, to form an integral part of the Contract of Carriage.

11.3 In the event of a change in the Schedule Indicators, the Passenger will be informed using the contact details provided when the booking was made. It the Passenger’s responsibility to provide the Carrier with their contact details so that they can be contacted in the event of a change in the planned flights as they appear on the Ticket. In the event of a change of the Schedule Indicators and the Passenger decides against Transportation, the Passenger can apply for a refund as stated in Article 14.

12.1 The Carrier will take all reasonable measures to avoid delay in carrying the Passenger and their Baggage. In order to prevent a flight cancellation or delay, Carrier may arrange for a flight to be operated on its behalf by an alternative Carrier and/or aircraft and/or other means of transport.

12.2 In the event of a flight cancellation or delay, the Carrier will implement all the provisions of the applicable regulations. Information relating to passenger rights in case of delays and cancellations is available from the Carrier and its Authorised Agents and on the KLM Website.

13.1 In the event the Carrier decides to deny boarding the Passenger, due to overbooking or other reasons, with the result that the Carrier is not in a position to offer a seat to the Passenger, even though the Passenger has a valid Ticket and has arrived for check-in and boarding in accordance with the required timeframes and conditions, the Carrier shall grant the Passenger the compensation provided for by the relevant applicable regulations, where applicable.

13.2 In the event that the Passenger is placed in a lower class than that for which the Ticket was purchased, the Carrier will refund the difference in Fares, under the conditions specified by the relevant applicable regulations. Information relating to passenger rights in case of Denied Boarding and downgrading is available from the Carrier and its Authorised Agents and on the KLM Website.

14.1 The refund of a Ticket, in whole or in part, will take place in accordance with the conditions defined in this Article 14, in accordance with the Ticket’s fare conditions and all circumstances with the relevant applicable regulations. If you cancel your flight(s) or if you are refused pursuant to Article 9.1 (f) (i) or (k), Article 9.2, Article 9.3 or Article 9.4 and have a non-refundable Ticket, you can request a refund of unused airport tax. However, with a non-refundable ticket, carrier imposed international surcharges will not be refunded. The Booking Fees, Service Fees and payment surcharges are non-refundable, regardless of your ticket conditions. For provisions in case of Force Majeure invoked by a Passenger, see article 3.3.

14.2 A refund, where it is authorized by the Ticket’s fare conditions, will be paid on the basis of Fare Including Tax paid for the Ticket.

14.3 Request for the refund of a Ticket must be submitted to the issuer of the Ticket (the Carrier or Authorised Agent, as applicable).

14.4 The Carrier shall refuse to grant a refund:

(a) For any Ticket, if the request is made after expiry of the Ticket’s validity period.

(b) For a Ticket which meets the legislative or regulatory requirement to possess a Ticket that enables the Passenger to leave the country, unless such Passenger provides sufficient proof to establish that they are authorized to reside in said country or that they will leave using another Carrier, or by any other means of carriage.

(c) For a Ticket, in case the holder is not admitted by the authorities of the Place of Destination, Agreed Stopping Place or Stopover, and if the Passenger was returned to their boarding point or to any other destination for this reason.

(d) For a stolen, forged or counterfeit Ticket.

(e) For Passengers who did not comply with the conditions as stated in Article 8.

(f) For Passengers that are refused Carriage by the Carrier pursuant to Article 9.1 (f), (i) or (k), Article 9.2, Article 9.3 or Article 9.4.

14.5 Refunds are subject to applicable regulations in the country in which the Ticket was originally purchased and/or to applicable regulations in the country in which the refund must be paid.

15.1 On board the aircraft, Passengers must not behave in a way that is liable to inconvenience, threaten or endanger one or more persons, property or the aircraft itself. Passengers must not hinder the crew from performing their duties and must comply with the crew´s guidance instructions and recommendations in order to ensure the security and safety of the aircraft, the smooth running of the flight and the comfort of the Passengers.

15.2 For security reasons, the Carrier may prohibit or limit the use on board the aircraft of electronic devices, such as cellular telephones, laptop computers, portable recorders, portable radios, electronic games or transmitting devices, as well as all radio-controlled games and walkie-talkies, except for hearing aids and pacemakers.

15.3 Smoking (including conventional cigarettes, electronic- or other artificial forms of smoking) is strictly prohibited on board the aircraft.

15.4 The Carrier may limit or prohibit the consumption of alcohol on board the aircraft. Consumption of any alcoholic beverages carried into the aircraft by Passengers or consumption of any duty free product bought on board the aircraft is prohibited.

15.5 Recording videos and/or taking photographs other than personal videos and photographs is prohibited on board the aircraft.

15.6 If a Passenger fails to comply with the provisions of this Article, the Carrier may take all the necessary appropriate and reasonable measures, pursuant to legislative and regulatory provisions, in order to prevent such behavior from continuing. To this end, the Carrier may use restraining measures, disembark the Passenger, refuse onward carriage of the Passenger at any point and attach certain additional conditions to the onward carriage of the Passenger, or report the Passenger to the local authorities.

15.7 If a Passenger does not comply with the provisions of this Article (and with those of Article 9 relating to carriage refusal and limitation) or commits a criminal or reprehensible act on board an aircraft, the Carrier reserves the right to take legal action against said Passenger and claim damages.

15.8 If as a result of Passenger’s behavior, Carrier diverts the aircraft to an unscheduled place of destination, Passenger must pay the Carrier the reasonable costs of such diversion.

16.1 If the Carrier, within the scope of the Contract of Carriage and subject to the applicable law, agrees to provide for ancillary services other than carriage by air, or if the Carrier issues a ticket or voucher for carriage or other services, such as, for example, hotel reservations or car hire, the Carrier will only do so as an agent in the name of and for and on behalf of a third party (unless explicitly agreed otherwise) and will not be the Passenger’s counterparty for these services. The carriage or sale conditions that govern the activities of said third parties will be applicable.

16.2 If the Carrier offers a Passenger ground or sea carriage services (train/ bus/ boat etc.), the Carrier is only acting as an agent in the name of and for and on behalf of a third party, even if such carriage is identified under the Designator Code. Different liability systems may apply to said ground or sea carriage. The conditions of carriage and the liability systems are available, upon request, from the party that provides the ground/ sea carriage. The Carrier is not liable for Damage to Passengers and their Baggage during carriage by rail, road or sea.

17.1 Air Carriage performed by several successive Carriers, under a single Ticket or a Conjunction Ticket, is deemed to constitute a single operation for purposes of determining the application of the Convention to the transportation.

17.2 Where the Carrier has issued the Ticket or is the Carrier designated first on the Ticket or on a Conjunction Ticket issued for successive Carriage, the Carrier shall not be liable for those parts of the journey performed by other carrier(s), except as provided for in paragraph 3 below.

17.3 In the event of the destruction, loss or delay of, or damage to Checked Baggage, Passengers or their beneficiaries can file a claim against the Carrier that performed the carriage during which the destruction, loss, delay or damage occurred. Passengers can also file a claim against the first and last Carrier.

18.1 General Provisions (a) Passengers are required, under their own responsibility, to procure all the specific documents, visas and permits required for their journey, and where applicable for that of their minor children and/or passengers for who they are responsible and/or for animals travelling with them, and must also comply with all provisions of law (laws, regulations, decisions, requirements and provisions) of the departure, arrival and transit States, as well as with the Carrier’s regulations and the instructions relating thereto. (b) The Carrier shall not be liable for the consequences suffered by Passengers in the event of failure to comply with the obligations referred to in Article 18.1 (a).

18.2 Travel Documents (a) Passengers are required to present entry, exit and transit documents, as well as health and other documents required by the applicable regulations (laws, regulations, decisions, requirements and provisions) in the departure, arrival and transit States. Passengers are moreover required to hand over to the Carrier and/or allow the Carrier to make a copy of said documents, if required, or to record information contained therein. (b) The Carrier reserves the right, in accordance with Article 9, to refuse the Carriage if a Passenger fails to comply with the applicable laws and regulations, if the Carrier has doubts as to the validity of the documents presented, or the Passenger does not permit the Carrier to take and retain copies of any documents or otherwise retain data contained in the relevant documents. (c) The Carrier shall not be liable for losses or expenses suffered by Passengers who do not comply with the provisions of this Article.

18.3 Refusal of Entry If a Passenger is refused entry into the territory, the Passenger must pay all charges or fines imposed on the Carrier by the local authorities, as well as the Fare including Taxes for transport if the Carrier, due to government orders, has to transport the Passenger back to its place of origin or elsewhere. The price of the Ticket purchased for transport to the destination where entry into the territory was refused will not be refunded by the Carrier. For reasons of security and good order, the captain and/or escort officers may retain any relevant travel documents of the Passenger in their custody during the flight to their place of origin or elsewhere.

18.4 Passenger Liability for Fines, Detention Costs, etc. If the Carrier has to pay or deposit a fine or penalty or incurs expenses of any kind due to the noncompliance, whether voluntary or involuntary, by a Passenger with the law in force in the countries concerned, or due to their failure to present any required document, or the presentation of invalid documents, the Passenger must, at the Carrier’s first request, reimburse the amounts thus paid or consigned and the disbursements incurred. For this purpose, the Carrier may use any amount paid to it for non-performed carriage or any amount belonging to the Passenger that is held by the Carrier.

18.5 Customs Inspections (a) Passengers may be called on to be present at the inspection of their Baggage (delayed, Checked or Unchecked) on the request of customs officers or any other government authority. The Carrier shall not be liable for Damage or losses suffered by Passengers who fail to comply with this provision. (b) Passengers shall indemnify the Carrier if any action, omission or negligence on their part causes Damage to the Carrier, including, without limitation, any failure to comply with the provisions of this Article or to enable the Carrier to inspect their Baggage.

18.6 Security Checks (a) Passengers are required to undergo the security (and safety) checks required by the government or airport authorities, as well as those requested by the Carrier. In case of refusal, the passenger will be denied boarding, as outlined in Article 9. (b) The Carrier cannot be held liable for refusing to carry a Passenger, in particular in the event that such refusal is based on the reasonable view that said refusal is warranted by the applicable law, regulations and/or requirements.

19.1 General Provisions The Carrier’s liability shall be determined by the Contractual Carrier’s General Conditions of Carriage, except as otherwise provided for and brought to the Passenger’s attention. If KLM is the Contractual Carrier the following will apply:

19.1.1 Carriage performed under these General Conditions of Carriage is subject to the liability rules laid down by the Montreal Convention of 28 May 1999, and Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 May 2002 amending “Council Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 of 9 October 1997 on air carrier liability in the event of accidents, as regards the carriage of passengers and their baggage”.

19.1.2 To the extent that the following provisions do not conflict with the other provisions in these General Conditions of Carriage, and subject to the Convention, the following will apply: (a) The Carrier’s liability is limited to Damage that occurred during Air Carriage for which its Designator Code appears on the Coupon or the Ticket that corresponds to the flight. If the Carrier issues a Ticket for a carriage service performed by another Carrier or if the Carrier checks in Baggage on behalf of another Carrier, the Carrier shall only act as an agent in the name and on behalf of said other Carrier. Provisions in respect of liability in case of successive carriage are laid down in Article 17.3. (b) The Carrier’s liability may not exceed the amount of proven direct Damage and the Carrier shall not be liable, in any way, for consequential Damage or any form of non compensatory Damage. (c) The Carrier is not liable for Damage that results from compliance by the Carrier with any provisions of the law or regulations (laws, regulations, decisions, requirements and provisions) or a failure to comply with said same provisions by the Passenger. (d) The Contract of Carriage, including these General Conditions of Carriage and all the liability exclusions or limitations contained therein, shall apply to and benefit the Carrier’s Authorised Agents, the Code Share partners of the Carrier, its officials, its agents, its representatives, servants and the owner of the aircraft used by the Carrier, as well as the said owner’s staff, employees and representatives of said owner and agents. The overall amount recoverable from the aforementioned persons may not exceed the amount of the Carrier’s liability. (e) If Carrier proves that the Damage was caused or contributed to by the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the person claiming compensation or whose rights he/she exercises or from whose rights such person derives its right, the Carrier shall be wholly or partially exonerated from its liability to the extent that such negligence or wrongful act or omission caused or contributed to the Damage. This paragraph applies to all the liability provisions in these Conditions of Carriage, including for the sake of clarity Article 19.2.1. (f) Except as expressly otherwise provided for, none of these provisions constitute a waiver of any exclusion or limitation of the liability of the Carrier, the owner whose aircraft is used by the Carrier, their staff, officials, agents or representatives in accordance with the Convention and mandatory and applicable law.

19.2 Provisions Applicable to International and Interior Flights

19.2.1 Bodily Injury (a) Subject to the remainder of this Article 19.2.1 the Carrier is liable for the Damage sustained in the event of the death or bodily injury suffered by a Passenger if caused by an accident that occurred on board the aircraft or in the course of any embarking or disembarking operations as defined by the Montreal Convention. (b) The Carrier shall not be liable for any Damage in the following circumstances: If a Passenger is carried whose age or mental or physical condition involves any hazard or risk to himself, Carrier shall not be liable for personal injuries such as illness, injury, disability or death, or any aggravation of such illness, injury or disability, provided such personal injuries are attributable solely to such condition. (c) For Damages arising under Article 19.2.1 (a) not exceeding 128,821 SDR’s for each Passenger, Carrier shall not exclude or limit its liability. However, Carrier shall be entitled to invoke Article 19.1.2 (e). Carrier shall not be liable for Damages under Article 19.2.1 (a) to the extent that they exceed for each Passenger 128,821 SDR’s if the Carrier proves that: (1) such Damage was not caused by negligence or any other wrongful act or omission of Carrier or its servants or agents; or (2) such Damage was solely caused by negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the claimant, the Passenger whose rights are being exercised or from who the rights are being exercised derive or a third party. (d) The Carrier reserves all rights of recourse and subrogation against all third parties. (e) In the event of death or bodily injury resulting from an aircraft accident, as defined by article 28 of the Convention and pursuant to article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 May 2002 amending Council Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 of 19 October 1997, the relevant person(s) referred to herein shall benefit from an advance payment to enable him/her to meet his/her immediate needs, which advance payment shall be in proportion to the material damage suffered. Said advance shall not be less than the equivalent in euros of 16,000 SDR per Passenger in the event of death. Subject to applicable law, said advance shall be paid within 15 days of the identification of the Beneficiary. Pursuant to article 5 of Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 of 13 May 2002 and article 28 of the Montreal Convention of 28 May 1999, the payment of such advance or any early payment shall not constitute any recognition of liability and said amounts may be offset against any amounts which subsequently become due by the Carrier. Said advance payment shall not be refundable unless the person who received the advance payment was not the person entitled to compensation or when the damage was caused or contributed to by the negligence or other wrongful act or omission of the person claiming compensation, or the person from whom he or she derives his of her rights.

19.2.2 Damage as a result of Delays (a) The liability of Carrier in respect of any Damage caused by delay in the carriage by air of Passengers shall be limited to 5,346 SDR’s for each Passenger. (b) The liability of Carrier in respect of any Damage caused by delay in the carriage by air of Baggage shall be limited to 1,288 SDR’s for each Passenger. To this limit Article 19.2.3 (c) shall be applicable. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subparagraphs (a) and (b) of this Article, Carrier shall not be liable for any Damage occasioned by delay if Carrier proves that it and its servants and agents took all measures that could reasonably be required to avoid the Damage, or that it was impossible for it or them to take such measures.

19.2.3 Damage to Baggage (a) In accordance with article 17 of the Montreal Convention, the Carrier is liable for Damage caused by loss of, or damage to Checked Baggage, upon condition only that the event which caused the loss or damage took place on board the aircraft or during any period during which the Carrier had custody of the Checked Baggage. (b) Exclusions of the Carrier’s liability:

c) Amount of the Compensable Damage:

20.1 Notification of Claims for Baggage (a) The receipt of Checked Baggage without complaint is prima facie evidence that the Baggage was delivered and accepted in good condition and in accordance with the Contract of Carriage, unless the Passenger provides proof to the contrary. All missing Baggage must be declared to the Carrier as soon as the flight arrives. Any declarations made subsequently will not be taken into account.In the same way, any item noted as missing from Baggage must be declared to the Carrier as soon as possible. Any late declaration will not be taken into account. (b) In the event of damage, the person entitled to delivery must complain to the Carrier forth with after the discovery of the damage, and, at the latest, within 7 days from the date of receipt in the case of Checked Baggage. In the event of delay, the complaint must be made at the latest within 21 days from the date on which the Baggage has been placed at his/her disposal. Every complaint must be made in writing and given or dispatched within the times aforesaid. If no complaint is made within the times aforesaid, no action shall lie against the Carrier, save in the case of fraud on its part.

20.2 Liability Actions by Passengers All claims and rights to damages shall be extinguished if an action is not brought within a period of two years reckoned from the date of arrival at the destination or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived, or from the date on which the Carriage stopped. The method of calculating that period shall be determined by the law of the Court seized of the case.

20.3 Claims and Actions to be Submitted in Writing ALL THE CLAIMS OR ACTIONS MENTIONED IN ARTICLE 20 MUST BE MADE IN WRITING, WITHIN THE TIME LIMITS SPECIFIED.